The Biobrio 13(1 & 2), 2026

Ichthyofaunal diversity and conservation challenges in the Gangetic Plains: A case study from Sheikhpura District, Bihar, India

Priyanshu Prakash & Bipin Bihari Singh

ABSTRACT:

The Gangetic Plains represent one of the most productive freshwater ecosystems in South Asia, supporting remarkable ichthyofaunal diversity and providing essential ecological, economic, and social services. The middle Gangetic basin, particularly the state of Bihar, encompasses an extensive network of rivers, floodplain wetlands, oxbow lakes, ponds, and irrigation canals that sustain a wide variety of indigenous and commercially important fish species. However, freshwater ecosystems throughout the region are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including habitat fragmentation, pollution, river regulation, overexploitation of fisheries resources, invasive alien species, and climate change. Sheikhpura District, located within the Kiul-Harohar river system of Bihar, possesses numerous seasonal wetlands, village ponds, and irrigation canals that potentially support diverse freshwater fish assemblages. Despite its ecological significance, comprehensive information on the district's ichthyofaunal diversity remains scarce. This review synthesizes published literature on fish diversity and conservation in the Gangetic Plains with particular emphasis on Bihar and discusses the ecological importance, conservation challenges, and research priorities relevant to Sheikhpura District. The review further proposes integrated conservation strategies, including habitat restoration, sustainable fisheries management, biodiversity monitoring, and community participation, to ensure the long-term conservation of freshwater fish diversity in the middle Gangetic basin.

Keywords:    

Freshwater biodiversity, Gangetic Plains, Bihar, Sheikhpura, ichthyofauna, conservation, wetlands, fisheries

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